COMPLEX HOUSING, BUT NOT MATERNAL DEPRIVATION AFFECTS MOTIVATION TO LIBERATE A TRAPPED CAGE-MATE IN AN OPERANT RAT TASK

Early life environment influences the development of various aspects of social behavior, particularly during sensitive developmental periods.We studied how challenges in the early postnatal period or (early) adolescence affect pro-social behavior.To this end, we designed a lever-operated liberation task, to be able to measure motivation to liberate

This article provides an analytical literature review on the emerging research university in Africa.Specifically, we advance a deliberation of whether a research university is relevant and various experiences that denote its emergence.Notably, there is a global acknowledgement of universities as major centres for knowledge production.However, commi